1. Overview of Switching Power Supply
Ho fetola phepelo ea motlakaseke sesebelisoa sa ho fetola matla a motlakase se phahameng khafetsa, se tsejoang hape e le phepelo ea motlakase kapa switch switching converter. E fetola motlakase oa motlakase hore e be lets'oao la maqhubu a maqhubu a phahameng haholo ka phapu e fetohang ka lebelo le phahameng, ebe e fetola matla a motlakase ho tloha mofuteng o mong ho ea ho o mong ka ts'ebetso eatransformer, rectifier circuit le filtering circuit, 'me qetellong e fumane mocheso o tsitsitseng o tlaase oa DC bakeng sa phepelo ea motlakase.
Ho fetola phepelo ea motlakase ho na le melemo ea ts'ebetso e phahameng, botsitso bo botle, boholo bo nyane, boima bo bobebe, ts'epo e phahameng, 'me e ka ikamahanya le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa matla a lisebelisoa.
Phepelo ea motlakase e se e sebelisoa haholo mafapheng a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa li-automation tsa indasteri, likhokahano le matla a macha. Sebakeng sa boiketsetso ba indasteri, phepelo ea motlakase ea ho chencha e fana ka ts'ehetso e tsitsitseng ea matla bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa boiketsetso ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle le e tsitsitseng ea lisebelisoa.
Lefapheng la puisano, phepelo ea motlakase e fetohang e sebelisoa haholo seteisheneng sa mehala e se nang mohala, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, joalo-joalo, ho netefatsa botsitso ba phetiso ea matšoao a sistimi ea puisano le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba puisano. Lebaleng la matla a macha, phepelo ea matla a ho fetola matla e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa matla a letsatsi le moea, ho thusa tšebeliso e ntle ea matla a tsosolositsoeng.
Phetoho ea motlakase e batla e entsoe ka likarolo tse 'ne tse kholo: potoloho ea ho kenya, converter, potoloho ea taolo, le potoloho ea tlhahiso. Se latelang ke sets'oants'o se tloaelehileng sa phepelo ea matla a motlakase, ho tseba ho bohlokoa ho rona ho utloisisa phepelo ea motlakase e fetohang.
2. Sehlopha sa ho fetola lisebelisoa tsa motlakase
Ho fetola lisebelisoa tsa motlakase ho ka aroloa ho ea ka maemo a fapaneng a lihlopha. Tse latelang ke mekhoa e mengata e tloaelehileng ea ho arola:
1. Ho hlophisoa ka mofuta oa matla a kentsoeng:
AC-DC e fetola phepelo ea motlakase: e fetolela matla a AC hore e be matla a DC.
DC-DC switching power supply: E fetolela matla a DC hore e be motlakase o mong oa DC.
2. Sehlopha ka mokhoa oa ho sebetsa:
Phepelo ea motlakase e phehiloeng ka nako e le 'ngoe: e na le tube e le 'ngoe feela, e loketseng lits'ebetso tsa matla a tlase.
Phepelo ea motlakase e phethiloeng habeli: e na le li-switch tubes tse peli, tse loketseng lits'ebetso tsa matla a phahameng.
3. Karolelano ho latela topology:
Ho ea ka topology, e ka aroloa hoo e ka bang Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, Forward, Two-Transistor Forward, Push-Pull, Half Bridge, Full Bridge, joalo-joalo Mekhoa ena ea lihlopha ke karolo ea tsona feela. Ho fetola lisebelisoa tsa motlakase ho ka aroloa ka botlalo ho latela litlhoko le lits'ebetso tse ling.
Ka mor'a moo, re tla hlahisa Flyback le Forward e sebelisoang hangata. Forward le flyback ke mekhoa e 'meli e fapaneng ea phepelo ea motlakase. Phepelo ea motlakase e fetelang pele e bolela phepelo ea motlakase e sebelisang motlakase oa maqhubu a holimo ho arola matla a kopantsoeng, 'me phepelo ea motlakase e tsamaisanang le eona ke phepelo ea motlakase e fetohang ka sefofane.
2.1 Phepelo ea motlakase e fetela pele
Phepelo ea motlakase ea ho fetela pele ka sebopeho e rarahane ho feta, empa matla a hlahisoang a phahame haholo, a loketse phepelo ea motlakase ea 100W-300W, eo hangata e sebelisoang ka matla a tlase, a phahameng a hona joale a fetohang, a sebelisoa haholo.
Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase, bakeng sa phepelo ea matla a ho fetela pele, haholo-holo ha ho buloa tube, sephetho se sebetsa e le sephatlalatsi se kopantsoeng ka kotloloho le matla a khoheli, matla a motlakase le matla a khoheli a fetoleloa ho tse ling, tlhahiso le tlhahiso ka nako e le nngwe.
Ho boetse ho na le mefokolo ts'ebelisong ea letsatsi le letsatsi: joalo ka tlhoko ea ho eketsa phepelo e ka morao (ho thibela coil ea mantlha ea transformer e hlahisoang ke monyetla o ka morao oa ho senyeha ha li-tube), inductor ea bobeli e fetang e le 'ngoe bakeng sa ho sefa matla a polokelo. ha ho bapisoa le phepelo ea motlakase ea ho fetoha ha sefofane, litšenyehelo tsa eona li phahame, 'me molumo oa motlakase oa phepelo ea phepelo ea motlakase o fetelang pele ho feta bophahamo ba molumo oa motlakase oa phepelo ea motlakase o moholo.
Phepelo ea motlakase e fetela pele
2.2 Phepelo ea motlakase ea Flyback
Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase, phepelo ea phepelo ea motlakase ea flyback e bua ka phepelo ea motlakase e sebelisang sefetoleli se phahameng sa flyback ho arola lipotoloho tse kenang le tse tsoang. Transformer ea eona ha e bapale karolo feela ea ho fetola motlakase ho fetisetsa matla, empa hape e bapala karolo ea ho boloka matla a motlakase. Ka hona, transformer ea flyback e tšoana le moralo oa inductor. Lipotoloho tsohle li batla li le bonolo ebile li bonolo ho li laola. Flyback e sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse tlase tsa matla a 5W-100W.
Bakeng sa phepelo ea matla a ho fetoha ha sefofane, ha tube ea switjha e buloa, hona joale hoa phahama ha motlakase oa mantlha oa transformer. Kaha coil e hlahisoang ke potoloho ea flyback e na le lipheletso tse fapaneng, diode e hlahisoang e tima, transformer e boloka matla, 'me mojaro o fanoa ka matla ke capacitor ea tlhahiso. Ha tube ea switch e tima, motlakase oa inductive oa inductor ea mantlha ea transformer e khutlisoa. Ka nako ena, diode e hlahisoang e buletsoe, 'me matla a transformer a fanoa ho mojaro ka diode, ha a ntse a lefella capacitor.
Phepelo ea motlakase ea Flyback
Ho tloha papisong, ho ka bonoa hore transformer ea ho tsosoa pele e na le mosebetsi oa transformer feela, 'me ka kakaretso e ka nkoa e le potoloho ea buck e nang le transformer. Flyback transformer e ka nkoa e le inductor e nang le ts'ebetso ea transformer, ke potoloho ea buck-boost. Ka kakaretso, molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oa flyback o fapane, pele ke mosebetsi oa mantlha oa bobeli, oa bobeli ha o sebetse le inductor ea hona joale ho nchafatsa mokhoa oa hona joale, ka kakaretso oa CCM.
Power factor hangata ha e hodimo, mme sephetho le sephetho le sedikadikwe sa mosebetsi se fapanang se a lekana. Flyback ke mosebetsi o ka sehloohong, oa bobeli ha o sebetse, mahlakoreng a mabeli ka boithaopo, ka kakaretso mokhoa oa DCM, empa inductance ea transformer e tla ba e nyenyane haholo, le tlhokahalo ea ho eketsa lekhalo la moea, kahoo hangata le loketse matla a manyenyane le a mahareng.
Forward transformer e loketse, ha ho na polokelo ea matla, empa hobane inductance ea excitation ke boleng bo lekanyelitsoeng, hona joale ho hlasimolla ho etsa hore mokokotlo o be moholo, e le ho qoba ho phalla ha motlakase, transformer e hloka thuso e thusang bakeng sa ho tsosolosa flux.
Flyback transformer e ka bonoa e le mofuta oa inductance e kopantsoeng, inductance ea pele ea polokelo ea matla ebe e lokolloa, ka lebaka la ho kenya letsoho le phallo ea motlakase oa sefofane se fapaneng le polarity, kahoo ha tube ea switching e khaotsoe, ea bobeli e ka fana kamagnetic coreka motlakase oa reset, ka hona, transfoma ea flyback ha e hloke ho eketsa phepelo e eketsehileng ea ho seta bocha.
Nako ea poso: Sep-29-2024